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<meta property="og:description" content="缘起有人说：  职能团队不能说“不”（There is no “NO”.）。  意思是需求方提出的不管是什么需求，都要有解决方案。这不，公司由于业务需要，某些个团队有科学上网的需求（其实技术团队也有），提到运维这里了，我没法说搞不定呀，于是只能吭哧吭哧想办法解决，最早一版我自己用了好几年的方案被毙，理由是不要用，太复杂（其实也没有被毙，技术团队大多在用这个方案）。于是我就有整了个简单好用的方案，这">
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          踩坑：根证书过期
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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="缘起"><a href="#缘起" class="headerlink" title="缘起"></a>缘起</h2><p>有人说：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>职能团队不能说“不”（There is no “NO”.）。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>意思是需求方提出的不管是什么需求，都要有解决方案。这不，公司由于业务需要，某些个团队有科学上网的需求（其实技术团队也有），提到运维这里了，我没法说搞不定呀，于是只能吭哧吭哧想办法解决，最早一版我自己用了好几年的方案被毙，理由是不要用，太复杂（其实也没有被毙，技术团队大多在用这个方案）。于是我就有整了个简单好用的方案，这几天正忙着方案落地呢。</p>
<p>在服务器上安装软件的时候，发现了这个问题。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="问题详情"><a href="#问题详情" class="headerlink" title="问题详情"></a>问题详情</h2><p>两台 Amazon Linux 2 的服务器，在我用 rpm 命令加 url 方式安装软件的时候，一台成功，一台出错。</p>
<p>仔细查，出错的那台是因为 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://download.libreswan.org/">https://download.libreswan.org/</a> 的证书过期。但为什么另外一台又没有问题呢？继续查：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">openssl s_client \</span><br><span class="line">	-showcerts \</span><br><span class="line">	-connect download.libreswan.org:443</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>两台机器上分别执行上面的这个脚本，结果发现：</p>
<p>出错的那一台报（以下是部分输出）：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>depth&#x3D;3 O &#x3D; Digital Signature Trust Co., CN &#x3D; DST Root CA X3<br>verify error:num&#x3D;10:certificate has expired<br>notAfter&#x3D;Sep 30 14:01:15 2021 GMT</p>
</blockquote>
<p>好的那一台却报的是（以下是部分输出）：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>depth&#x3D;2 C &#x3D; US, O &#x3D; Internet Security Research Group, CN &#x3D; ISRG Root X1<br>verify return:1<br>depth&#x3D;1 C &#x3D; US, O &#x3D; Let’s Encrypt, CN &#x3D; R3<br>verify return:1<br>depth&#x3D;0 CN &#x3D; libreswan.org<br>verify return:1</p>
</blockquote>
<p>从看到的证书链上来看：</p>
<ul>
<li>证书 “CN&#x3D;libreswan.org” 是“C&#x3D;US&#x2F;O&#x3D;Let’s Encrypt&#x2F;CN&#x3D;R3” 签发的</li>
<li>而 “C&#x3D;US&#x2F;O&#x3D;Let’s Encrypt&#x2F;CN&#x3D;R3”是“C&#x3D;US&#x2F;O&#x3D;Internet Security Research Group&#x2F;CN&#x3D;ISRG Root X1”签发的</li>
<li>“C&#x3D;US&#x2F;O&#x3D;Internet Security Research Group&#x2F;CN&#x3D;ISRG Root X1”是“O&#x3D;Digital Signature Trust Co.&#x2F;CN&#x3D;DST Root CA X3”签发的</li>
</ul>
<p>而过期的正是这个“DST Root CA X3”证书。</p>
<h2 id="原因所在"><a href="#原因所在" class="headerlink" title="原因所在"></a>原因所在</h2><p>最后发现两台机器的区别在哪里？在于软件包 ca-certificates 版本不一样，这个正是放系统自带信任的 CA 证书的软件包。其中报错的那台，ca-certificates 有“DST Root CA X3”这个证书；而不报错的那台 ca-certificates 里没有“DST Root CA X3”这个证书。</p>
<h2 id="解决方案"><a href="#解决方案" class="headerlink" title="解决方案"></a>解决方案</h2><p>问题解决也简单，报错的那台升级下 ca-certificates 即可：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum -y update ca-certificates</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="思考"><a href="#思考" class="headerlink" title="思考"></a>思考</h2><p>其实在两个不同版本的 ca-certificates 里，“ISRG Root X1”都在信任的根证书列表里面，为什么信任的根证书列表里有“DST Root CA X3”会出错呢？</p>
<h2 id="附录"><a href="#附录" class="headerlink" title="附录"></a>附录</h2><p>其实这些，AWS 官方早有文档说法，参见链接：</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/ec2-expired-certificate/">https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/ec2-expired-certificate/</a></li>
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